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Cement-1

Introduction 


Cement is a binding material 


It is one of the most important engineering material of civil engineering 


In almost all type of civil engineering works ,cement is used 


The the ordinary cement which we commonly used is known as Portland cement 


Cement in general can be divided into two types


Natural cement and Artificial cement


Natural cement is manufactured by during and crushing to powder the limestone containing 20-40% of clay and the remaining percentage of calcium carbonate ,magnesium carbonate etc


The cement is brown in colour and sets very quickly when mixed with water


The artificial cement is the which is obtained by the calcination of an intimate mixture of about 55 % calcium carbonate and 35% of clay


When cement is mixed with water it form of paste which hardness and binds aggregates like sand gravel and crushed rock together to form a hard durable mass called concrete




Ingredients of Portland cement



Sr.no

Name of ingredients

Percent by weight

average

range

1

Lime

62

62-67

2

Silica

22

17-25

3

Alumina

05

3-8

4

Iron oxide

03

1-5

5

Maggnesii

02

1-4

6

Calcium sulfate

04

3-5

7

Sulphar

01

1-2

8

Alkalies

01

1-2

                      Total

100


Characteristics of Cement


The colour of ordinary Portland cement is grannys grey the colour of cement must be uniform


It should feel smooth when touched or rubber between the fingers 


If in a bag of cement you insert your hand ,It should feel cool 


It should be free from any hard lumps which otherwise indicate that the cement has set 


It should not be moist


It should not contain excess silica ,lime ,alumina or alkalies 


It should not contain excess amount of clay and silt





Uses of Cement 

In almost all type of civil engineering works cement is used 


Cement is used for preparing cement mortar which can be used for masonry work, plaster pointing etc 


Cement is used to make concrete which can be used for laying floor, ropes beams, columns, lentils, stairs etc 


Cement is used for construction of structures such as dams, bridge, colverts, tunnels, marine structure etc 


Cement is used for construction of concrete road, water tank, wells, septic tank etc 


Cement is used to manufacture of precast concrete block, pipes, piles, lintel, fencing, post etc 


Cement is used for construction of foundation, footpath, watertight floors etc








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Location: India

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